Advancements in Aptamer-Based Nanoparticle Bioconjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates are revolutionizing targeted cancer therapy. This
review explores their transformative potential, tracing the evolution from monoclonal
antibodies to versatile nucleic acid aptamers. We examine aptamer properties, functionalities,
and the pivotal role of in vitro selection (SELEX). The integration of aptamers with drug
encapsulated nanoparticles is highlighted as a potent vehicle for targeted delivery. We
scrutinize nanoparticle attributes, conjugation techniques, and clinical relevance while
addressing challenges such as nuclease degradation and renal filtration. This comprehensive
exploration underscores the promise of nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates in precision
oncology, offering enhanced targeting and improved cancer treatment outcomes. Future
directions, including combination with immunotherapy and overcoming drug resistance, are
discussed.