Medical Journal of Ahl al-Bayt University

Preliminary screening of active compounds with the evaluation of the anti Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria activity of ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera) leaves extracted by different types of solvents

Ali R.M. Albakaa — 2024-08-05

Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L.) plant is a medicinal plant used to treat various
ailments in Iraq by herbalists, the pharmacological evaluation of its leaves despite the rich
pharmacological potential of its roots was not done, in this re- search, the phytochemicals
from the Ashwagandha (Withania Somnifera L.) leaves were extracted by different types
solvents (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, ethanol and water respectively), presence
flavonoids, tannins, saponin, steroids in water and ethanol extracts while the saponin and
steroids only were present in chloroform and carbon tetrachloride extracts, the water and
ethanolic extracts were found to be good inhibitor or good active against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa bacteria, and this activity may be belong to polyphenolic compounds such as
flavonoids and tunnies com- pounds, and by comparing the GC/MS analysis chromatogram
of extracted sample with NIST database entries, identification compounds by peak value of
the unknown compound in chromatogram. In chloroform extract among the 16
phytochemicals identified, 1,2,3,5- Cyclohexanetetrol is the most abundant compound present
followed by n-Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid), then Acetic acid, 3,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl
2,3-dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one, 5-Hydrxoy methyl furfural, Caryophyllene oxide, α
Tocopherol-β-D-mannosidic respectively, other compounds revealed are n-Decanoic acid,
Formic acid, cis-3-Hexenylpyruvate, 4-Octyl tetradecyl Phthalate ester, etc. In ethanol extract
among the 21 phytochemicals identified, O- Butyl hydroxylamine is the most abundant
compound present followed by Hexanoic acid ethyl ester, then Oleyl alcohol, trifluoroacetate,
Oleic acid, etc.

Analyzing the association between lead exposure and Alzheimer's disease in Karbala province

Ibrahim Haidar Jasim — 2024-08-03

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative illness that is rising in the older population. The disease is related with industrially produced hazardous substances.Long-term exposure to several metallic materials is a well-established etiological risk factor that has grown more prevalent as a result of the high rate at which human activities release substantial quantities of metals into the environment. Specifically, heavy metals are extremely harmful to the nervous system. Multiple studies have linked the toxicity of heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium to neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid beta peptide aggregation, and neuronal cell death. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences in Serum lead levels between AD patients and healthy subjects. Methods: This study was conducted on all patients with cognitive impairment who were referred to AL Husain Medical City
following a diagnosis by a professional psychiatric and neurological consultant in accordance with National Institute on Aging and Alzheimer's Association guidelines. Patients and controls were matched by age and gender. Serum lead levels were determined for both groups using flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (SHIMADZU AA-6300/Japan) . Results: The average values of serum lead levels in the patients and healthy controls were (19.13±19.11ppb) and (10.22±2.49ppb) respectively with showed differences of high
statistical significance (p< 0.001). Conclusion: In this work, serum lead levels were strongly related with AD.

Applications of Laser Technology in Removable Prosthetics

Zainab Mahmood Al-Jammali — 2024-08-03

Aim of the Study: This article's goal is to familiarize every clinician with the basics of
lasers and the many laser systems that they can use in their clinical settings. Practical
Implications: There is less injury to the surrounding tissue thanks to the laser's quicker and
painless operation. It is a powerful and good approach that may be applied to both soft tissues
and hard tissues.

Relation between Intrauterine devices and endometrial cancer

Aoss Moez Alyassery — 2024-08-03

Background: Cervical cancer is a global public health issue that requires early management and has a causal relationship with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV types 16 and 18, which cause around 70% of precancerous lesions and cervical malignancies, are
the two high-risk HPVs. According to research on intrauterine devices, they do not affect the prevalence of HPV infection, but rather its development to cervical cancer. Many research on intrauterine devices (IUDs) reveal that they cannot change the prevalence of HPV infection,but they can change the progression of cervical cancer. Objective: The goal of this study was to look at the relationship between recent IUD use (by type) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia .Conclusion: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are among the most successful means of contraception available today, with failure rates comparable to other forms of sterilization.IUDs have various advantages, including efficacy, ease of use, reversibility, and patient satisfaction, especially when it comes to time commitment for long-term use and cost. In addition, the influence of contraception on the development of precancerous cervix lesions
and cervical cancer may provide information useful to women in making contraceptive decisions.

The effect of Taraxacum officinale extract on the sodium valproate induced model of autism and assessment of oxidative stress

Maha Saad Kareem — 2024-08-03

Background:
A lifelong neurodevelopmental illness, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is typified by core symptoms that include confined, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or hobbies, as well as persistent difficulties in social communication and social interaction. The incidence and burden of ASD on the affected person, their family, and society are both noteworthy. Aim of the study
To evaluate the effects of Taraxacum officinale extract on the sodium valproate induced model of autism and the level of antioxidant stress biomarkers. Materials and Methods: 60 healthy albino mice (20 female and 40 male) were used in this study. The mice
were split into 20 groups, each with one male and two females for mating. After establishing the zero-day, On the twelfth day of gestation, female mice were divided into two groups. One group was given intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of water only. By contrast, to create an experimental model of autism, the second group was given a single intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of sodium valproate at a dosage of 600 mg/kg. The baby mice were taken from their moms on the 40th day after birth, and they were divided into eight groups at random (four control groups and four VPA experimental groups) with each group consisting of the following: control no treatment no=10, T.O. 200 mg/kg no=10, T.O. 400 mg/kg no=10, and risperidone 1 mg/kg no=10. Following a 20-day course of therapy, all groups underwent an open field test. Following the completion of the experiment and 24 hours after the last treatment dose, mice were beheaded, with just two brain hemispheres removed. These were homogenized and ready for the Elisa procedure, which measures GSH and MDA concentrations. Results The finding of this study showed that the length of the tail in prenatally VPA-exposed
groups decreased in comparison with Control groups. Also showed that TOE at both doses (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) had anxiolytic activity, decreased hyperactivity, increased latency duration in the core, and showed better results than risperidone in reducing grooming and rearing in VPA- mice during the open field test. Also showed antioxidant activity by decreasing MDA level with superior efficacy to risperidone in VPA- offspring; although T.Officinale at both doses decreased lipid peroxidation in control groups better than risperidone and at a dose of 400mg/kg it increased the level of GSH in VPA- offspring more than risperidone did.
Conclusion: These results showed that prenatal exposure to sodium valproate at a dose of 600mg/kg caused a decrease in the length of the tail of mice in comparison to control offspring. TOE acts as an anxiolytic by managing symptoms of autism, such as anxiety,
hyperactivity, and fear. It reduced grooming and rearing in VPA mice more effectively than risperidone. TOE had antioxidant activity by decreasing the levels of MDA and GSH in control and VPA offspring.

Statistical Study in Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing: Accuracy and Ethical Considerations

Otoor Hassoon Abdulameer — 2024-08-03

Background: Recent breakthroughs in non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPT) have actually dramatically transformed the landscape of prenatal hereditary testing, using a more secure, a lot more precise choice to conventional intrusive approaches. The combination of next generation DNA sequencing innovations, such as cell-free DNA screening as well as entire genome sequencing has actually boosted the discovery abilities for a large range of hereditary irregularities at an early stage in maternity minimizing the threat to the unborn . child and also possibly simplifying antenatal treatment Material and Methods: This research utilized a buddy layout to evaluate blood examples from expectant females throughout numerous gestational phases. The growth stage included
mass chromatography to determine materials existing at greater focus in the Down's Syndrome team contrasted to a typical team. The recognition stage, performed by a knowledgeable group, used measurable real-time PCR to name a few innovative assays for
hereditary evaluation. All treatments followed honest requirements established by the . Medical Research Council of the UK
Results: The research's studies highlight the high precision of NIPT, with an inconsistency of much less than 1% contrasted to typical techniques, showcasing its efficiency in spotting Down's Syndrome to name a few hereditary problems. Furthermore, no considerable danger to unborn children was observed, marking a renovation over intrusive methods. Conclusion: NIPT attracts attention as a very precise, much less than from intrusive choice for antenatal hereditary testing. It’s mirroring considerable technical innovation with substantial moral ramifications. Future research study ought to intend at broadening NIPT's capacities, consisting of the discovery of paternally acquired hereditary problems to additio

Assessment activity of Crocus sativus L. extract against bacteria causes Urinary Tract Infection

Fatima R. Abd-alwahid — 2024-08-03

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the invasion and growth expansion of bacteria in a part
of the urinary tract system, most of the time (about 80% to 85%) it caused by Escherichia
coli. E.coli are one of the most core sources of the disease and infect peoples of all ages. This
infection could lead to many difficult issues, including the most attention-grabbing issue
which is the increasing of microbial resistance to antibiotics. Nowadays, the increased
bacterial resistance to antibiotic has make room to herbal therapies with less side effects
supersede the conservative medicines. Consequently, this study focused on the antibacterial
effects of methanolic extract of saffron petal against E.coli strains.The method used to
evaluate the extract effect is the disc diffusion method. The result showed that the crude
extract has a very effective antibacterial activity against the mentioned bacteria causing UTI.
More studies should be conducted to verify the safety of the extract, and then it could be
considered as an alternative for antibiotics used in UTI treatment.

Effect of Topically Applied Sodium Fusidate Loaded-Silver Nanoparticles as Gel Dosage Form on Burn-Induced Model in Rats

Omar Saleh Abdulkader — 2024-08-03

Aim: Creating and analyzing a new formulation of sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles in
the form of a gel. Procedure: sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles prepared by chemical
reduction method using trisodium citrate as the reducing agent to produce silver nanoparticles
firstly. Then the gel prepared by using carbomer 940 and triethanolamine. sodium fusidate loaded
silver nanoparticles was characterized by globular diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and pH.
Results: The novel formula had (668.2±0.2nm) globular diameter, normal homogeneous
dispersion (PDI, 0.567±0.002) and pH (6.2±0.05). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first
sodium fusidate loaded-silver nanoparticles nano‑drug delivery system. It has promising
pre‑clinical and clinical uses.

Analysis survey for Some risk factors Related with Autism patients in Iraq

Ismaeel Saad Abed Karkosh — 2024-08-03

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by persistent impairment in social communication and interaction and restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Current scientific evidence suggests that autism arises during early development and results in differences in brain structure, function, and connectivity. Those brain differences lead to differences in areas such as social behavior, learning, communication, sensory perception, and intellectual ability. Over the course of the last decades, research has revealed that genes and environmental influences in early development are contributing factors. The biological mechanisms by which known gene variations may lead to autism by altering the underlying neural circuitry of the brain areas of active investigation. These genetic variants are associated with several general functions in neurons (brain cells), including regulating when and how genes are expressed and the function of synapses, which are the points of connection and communication between neurons. The current study is a statistical study for the autism in Iraq, (204) cases have been taken. The questioner list that had been taken for the cases was taken for Gender, Certified diet schedule, approved medication schedule, and other mental disease in the case family. This research includes studying the relationship among four parameters and autism patients. First parameter was the relationship of the gender with the autism case. Second parameter was the relationship of the certified diet schedule with the autism case. Third risk parameter that has been taken was approved medication schedule. The forth risk parameter has been calculated statistically was is there other mental disease in the case family. In first parameter, it revealed that there is a significant value (P value =0.000) between the two genders (male and female) and the disease. In second parameter, it revealed that there is no significant value between the certified diet schedule and the disease. The third parameter it gives a significant P-value (0.00) between this parameter and the disease. Last parameter gives a significant P-value (0.00) between this parameter and the disease. The questioner list that had been taken for the cases was taken for Gender, Certified diet schedule, approved medication schedule, and other mental disease in the case family. First parameter was the relationship of the gender with the autism case. It revealed that there is a significant value (P value =0.000) between the two genders (male and female) and the disease. Second parameter was the relationship of the certified diet schedule with the autism case. It revealed that there is no significant value between the certified diet schedule and the disease. Third risk parameter that has been taken was approved medication schedule, and it gives a significant P-value (0.00) between this parameter and the disease. The forth risk parameter has been calculated statistically was is there other mental disease in the case family, and it gives a significant P-value (0.00) between this parameter and the disease.

Reasons for the loss of teeth in patients attending teaching clinics

zahraa saad A. karkosh — 2024-08-03

one of the most dental problems present among population is losing of teeth that lead
to many of side effects. However, there are different treatment plans available, including
(bridges, dentures, and implant-supported teeth) or by preventing ways.
Aim: to determine the frequency of tooth loss and the causes lead to its loss among patients
attending teaching clinic.
Subjects& Methods: Sixty patients between 41-65 years old (30 males and 30 females) were
examined for causes of tooth loss by asking them different questions. IBM's statistical
software for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to evaluate the collected data.
Diagrams and tables were created using statistical information to describe the characteristics
of the pupils in question.
A one-proportion z-test is a statistical test used to compare the proportion of a sample
to a known population proportion.
Results: according to statistical analysis the results showed that the caries was the highest
cause for losing of teeth followed by periodontal diseases with bad oral health.
Conclusions: The most common cause of tooth loss was dental caries that related to age of
patient, socioeconomic habit like smoking and oral hygiene.

Advancements in Aptamer-Based Nanoparticle Bioconjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review

Alaa A. Hashim — 2024-08-03

Nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates are revolutionizing targeted cancer therapy. This
review explores their transformative potential, tracing the evolution from monoclonal
antibodies to versatile nucleic acid aptamers. We examine aptamer properties, functionalities,
and the pivotal role of in vitro selection (SELEX). The integration of aptamers with drug
encapsulated nanoparticles is highlighted as a potent vehicle for targeted delivery. We
scrutinize nanoparticle attributes, conjugation techniques, and clinical relevance while
addressing challenges such as nuclease degradation and renal filtration. This comprehensive
exploration underscores the promise of nanoparticle-aptamer bioconjugates in precision
oncology, offering enhanced targeting and improved cancer treatment outcomes. Future
directions, including combination with immunotherapy and overcoming drug resistance, are
discussed.

Study the Neuroprotective Effects of Ethanoic extract of propolis on SH-SY5Y cell line Model of Parkinson’s Disease

Zahraa Salam Kadhum — 2024-08-03

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative
disease. There are currently more than five million PD patients worldwide. Up to date, no
curing treatment is available. The main characteristics of PD are the degeneration of
dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the lack of dopamine in the
striatum, which result in the clinical features including tremor, bradykinesia, and muscle
stiffness.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of propolis ethanolic
extract (PEE) in rotenone induced Parkinson models in SH-SY5Y cells and study the
immunological and biochemical effects of (PEE) on the levels of IL-6, MDA, Dopamine and
TAOC and identify the doses that effectively decrease the levels of IL-6 and MDA in SH
SY5Y cells.
Materials and methods: SH-SY5Y cell lines were seeded in 96 tissue culture plates. All cells
were pretreated with different concentrations of propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) at serial
dilutions ranging from 31.25 to 1000 μg/ml (four replicates were used for PEE) for 2 hours at
37C then challenged with ROT (20 μg/ml), the plate was covered with a self-plastic lid. After
a 48-hour incubation period following the exposure period, the cell lines were taken for
immunoassay by ELISA method using MDA, IL-6, TAOC and dopamin Colorimetric assay.
The results: The result shows the propolis boosted the viability on SHSY5Y cell line due to
its ability to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. and the neurotoxic
agent rotenone shows high cytotoxic effect on SHSY5Y cell line. also (PEE) at different
concentrations show a significant decreased (p value<0.05) in MDA and IL-6 levels.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this study indicating that natural compound propolis attenuated
the neurotoxicity induced by rotenone in SH-SY5Y Parkinson’s disease cell model due to its
anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Evaluation of the effect of valproic acid on 5-fluorouracil cytotoxicity on colon cancer cells. An in vitro study

Duha S. Mahdi — 2024-08-03

Background: The disease known as colonic rectal cancer, which only affects the colon or
rectum, is brought on by the aberrant proliferation of glandular epithelial cells in the colon.
The three primary types of CRC are colitis-associated, hereditary, and sporadic. According to
several research, family history, chronic inflammation, and dietary and lifestyle choices are
risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) [1]. Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for 10% of
cancer-related deaths, with ~1.4 million new cases and 693,900 deaths reported in 2012.
Materials and methods: colon cancer SW480 cells, Vero cells were incubated with different
concentrations of valproic acid combined with IC50 of 5-fluorouracil then MTT assay, TNF
α, NRF2, and casp.3 were assessed after 48 hours.
Results: valproic acid and 5-fluorouracil combination decreases the viability of SW480 colon
cancer cell lines in a dose-dependent way, decreasing TNF-α level, NRF2, and casp.3
concentration.
Conclusion: Our results have shown that 5-fluorouracil and valproic acid inhibit the growth
of colon cancer SW480 cell lines in a dose-dependent way and their combination induces a
more cytotoxic effect decreasing TNF-α, NRF2, and decreasing casp.3.

A Critical Review of Hirudo medicinalis and Historical Aspects of Leech Therapy

Luma Jasim Witwit — 2024-08-03

Both the practice of bloodletting and the use of Hirduo medicinalis for medicinal
purposes have roots in ancient Egypt and the dawn of civilization. The years have seen
fluctuations in their popularity. Hirudo medicinalis, often known as medicinal leeches, are used
therapeutically in hiruditherapy (HT), a traditional method of treating inflammatory illnesses
and pain. Leeches therapy is currently receiving more attention in the supplementary medicine
community. These are a class of segmented invertebrates that are employed by medical
professionals in phlebotomy to treat a variety of illnesses. They are well recognized for being
sanguinivorous blood feeders. Here, the affected areas are connected to cultured leeches, which
bite without pain at first before draining blood.
Over the past few years, the four main German dealers have seen a steady growth in
sales, which has resulted in an estimated 70,000 treatments (about 350,000 leeches sold per
year, four to five of which are used for each treatment) that takes place in Germany. The
majority of these therapeutic advantages are attributed to the saliva's numerous bioactive
chemicals, including hyaluronidase, hirudin, calin, destabilase, apyrase, glin, and many others,
rather than the blood that was drawn during the biting.
Reducing pain is the main objective of treatment for localized pain syndromes, especially
for disorders involving the knee, such as osteoarthritis. Heart difficulties, varicose veins,
hemorrhoids, gastrointestinal disorders, dermatitis, gynecological abnormalities, reconstructive
surgery, and trauma situations such as the reattachment of amputated fingers, toes, and ears are
among the ailments for which it is used. In order to keep blood flowing through clogged skin
flaps, plastic surgery is also part of it. Recently, new applications for it have been found in the
treatment of diabetes, hypersensitivity illnesses like asthma, cancer, and infertility in both men
and women. Researchers are continuing to extract and synthesize a growing number of novel
salivary chemicals for use in clinical and private practice due to the growing therapeutic
potential of HT. Thus, by addressing two primary topics—a critical evaluation of Hirudo
medicinalis and leech therapy—this review serves as an experiment to investigate the complex
leech-man interaction.

Potential Antiepileptic Activity of Spirulina: The Concept of Antioxident Properties in Rats Model of epilepsy

Shams bassim mahdi — 2024-08-03

Blue-green algae, or Spirulina platensis, is used as a dietary supplement. It has a high protein content, antioxidants, several phytopigments, and neuroprotective properties. Penzyltetrazole is one of the greatest medications for creating an animal model of epilepsy, which is recognized as a neuropsychiatric condition in humans with a shortened lifespan and deficits in social and professional functioning. While many antiepileptic medications are recognized as effective treatments for epilepsy symptoms, they also have negative side effects. As a result, the need for novel therapies or treatments with minimal side effects is overwhelming. By giving spirulina to rat groups following seizure induction and comparing the results with those of valporic acid, the antioxidant impact of spirulina was investigated. Taking spirulina by itself and When spirulina is administered both alone and in conjunction with an antiepileptic medication, oxidative stress indicators such as MDA that are generated by PTZ induction decrease.

Potential of some therapeutic effect of ruta graveolenes plant and their bioactivities: A review

Hinda Ali — 2024-08-03

Herbal medicine, often known as herbalism or phytotherapy, is an alternative healthcare
strategy that uses plants and their extracts to treat various pathological problems. Flavonoids are
the main group of plant secondary metabolites and are present in the tissues and organs of various
plant species. Flavonoids are essential for various biological processes and can be influenced by a
diverse array of environmental factors in plants. The rutaceae is an extensive botanical family
comprising a multitude of genera and species. The rutaceae family consists of a large variety of
aromatics plants, predominantly located in tropical areas. The rutaceae family of plants is
extensively employed in traditional medicine in various places worldwide. A highly common plant
from this botanical family is Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as "Rue," "Sudab,". Ruta
graveolens plays a wide variety of important roles in plants. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antidiabetic, antibacterial, cardioprotective, and anticarcinogenic properties. This article offers a
succinct summary of the most recent breakthroughs in ruta graveolenes research, with the goal of
aiding in the recognition of their medicinal characteristics.

Study the effect of Taraxacum officinale on the animal model of AlCl3 induce Alzheimer disease in rats.

Israa Abdulhussein Khassan — 2024-08-03

Background

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by progressive deficits in memory, cognition, and behavioral impairments that ultimately lead to dementia. Two main pathogenic processes contribute to its development: oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.

Objectives:

This study aimed to study the effects of taraxacume officinallis (TOE) on hippocampus of the Rats and attenuate the symptom of Alzheimer disease induced by AlCl3.

Materials and Methods:

In this case control research, 48 male albino rats in good health were split equally into six groups. The purpose of the three-month study was to assess how different therapies affected these rats. The experimental setup's specifics are as follows:

Healthy Control Group: This group was the initial control and was not given any medication. 2. AlCl3 Group: Each day, 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 was administered intraperitoneal
AlCl3 + Donepezil Group: This group was administered 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP daily in addition to 5 mg/kg of oral donepezil.
AlCl3 plus 200 mg/kg of TOE Group: The fourth group was administered an oral dose of 200 mg/kg of TOE extract in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP daily.
AlCl3 + TOE 400 mg/kg Group: The fifth group was administered 400 mg/kg of TOE extract orally daily in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP. 6. AlCl3 + TOE 600 mg/kg Group: The sixth group was administered an oral dose of 600 mg/kg of TOE extract daily in addition to 10 mg/kg of AlCl3 IP each day.

Neurobehavioral analysis using an eight-arm maze was performed on day 31. Following the behavioral tests, rats were killed and remove their heads, and brain tissue samples were collected and homogenized to obtain tissue supernatant. Biochemical tests were then conducted on these samples to measure the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC).

Results:

Comparing the effects of TOE with the aluminum chloride group, the main results indicate that rats in groups treated at different dose with TOE, spent less time finding food in the maze. This suggests that TOE effectively decrease Alzheimer's-like symptoms in rats.

Biochemical analysis further revealed that groups 5 and 6, treated with TOEshowed a significant decrease in IL-6 levels and a significant increase in TAOC compared to the AlCl3 group. These findings support the hypothesis that (TOE) has shown potential anti-Alzheimer-like activity, particularly in reversing Alzheimer's disease symptoms induced by aluminum chloride in male rats through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

In conclusion, this study experimentally demonstrates that Taraxacum officinale exhibits potential anti-Alzheimer activity by mitigating neuro inflammation and oxidative stress.